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Research interests

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Research Interests

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Mathematical and statistical methodology for cellular biology 

How does a cell decide whether to duplicate or die? How and when an embryonic stem cell turn to muscle, blood, neural or another type of cell? How and why some proteins exhibit a roughly 24-hour rhythmic behaviour and what are the consequences when this rhythm is disrupted?  How immune responses are triggered and why does this go wrong sometimes? 

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These are only a few questions that scientists try to solve for a long time now. And while progress has been made, especially during the last decades due to the major biotechnological advances, there are still significant gaps to our knowledge. Filling some of those gaps will not only satisfy our natural feeling of curiosity but will lead to the development of better therapies and prevention strategies for some of the most serious illnesses. 

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An important part of developing our understanding is played by developing appropriate mathematical and statistical methodology to model, predict, simulate, analyse, design experiments and infer the underlying processes in the living cell using the current experimental and theoretical evidence.    

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Examples of work in this area are provided below.

dampedOscil.jpg

Biochemical reaction networks describe the dynamic interactions between sets of molecules (e.g. genes, RNAs, proteins, metabolites) that enable communication of signals, regulation of gene expression, and ultimately every function and malfunction in the life of a cell. The recent experiments, which allow us to observe cells and molecules in real time, reveal that these reaction networks are very noisy. The development of models and algorithms that can simulate and analyse these networks is useful for example in analysing their sensitivities, and in designing experiments. The dynamics of these networks are often modelled as stochastic processes (Markov jump processes), and/or stochastic differential equations.  

We have recently developed a fast and accurate stochastic simulation algorithm for oscillating biological networks...More

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The process by which a cell senses signals from its environment, communicates these signals to molecules within it and take the appropriate actions in response to the signal is extremely important. Signalling errors are associated with many diseases, but on the positive side identification of the key components of this information flow offers opportunities for developing therapeutic treatments. A key question is how this information flow works in a noisy environment of complex interactions where multiple signals are received simultaneously. The process can be understood as follows: the cell is a hypothesis tester which for a given signal decides whether to take one action or the other (e.g. die or multiply) based on the state of some of its key molecules. This approach allows us to develop a mathematical methodology using hypothesis testing, discriminant analysis and information theory and geometry that can help us to better understand cellular signalling, and generate hypotheses to be tested in the lab. Recent work involves measuring the capacity of a signalling system to distinguish multidimensional signals using gene expression data and stochastic modelling of the system dynamics. I currently work with collaborators at the Universities of Warwick (David Rand) and Manchester (Mike White and Pawel Pasczek) on measuring information transduction using single cell RNA sequencing and fluorescent imaging data. I also collaborate in measuring information in cell populations dynamical patterns.

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Transcription is thought to be the most important part of the process from which proteins are created from their corresponding genes. This is because transcription is heavily regulated by proteins called transcription factors. Identifying the proteins that regulate, e.g. activate or repress, important genes may allow us to understand transcription and particularly control in disease. Various high-throughput technology is available to observe gene expression under multiple experimental conditions. It is a great statistical and computational challenge to handle, analyse and make inference from such data. We have previously developed a Bayesian statistical methodology for: (i) inferring the switch/jump times of activation or repression of a gene from mRNA or protein expression data (ii) inferring transcriptional regulation mechanisms from multiple dynamic experiments using a Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, (iii) Bayesian inference for the parameters of stochastic oscillatory systems (see Kalman Filter on the figure). Current work of the group involves the analysis of single cell gene expression data under multple experimental conditions. 

Publications

  • G Minas, DJ Woodcock, L Ashall, CV Harper, MRH White, and DA Rand. Multiplexing information flow through dynamic signalling systems, PLoS Comput Biol, 16(8), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008076

  • G Minas, DA Rand. Parameter sensitivity analysis for biochemical reaction networks. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2019, 16(5): 3965-3987, doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019196

  • Minas, Giorgos and Rand, David A. Long-time analytic approximation of large stochastic oscillators: simulation, analysis and inference, PLOS Computational Biology 13(7):e1005676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005676

  • Minas, Giorgos and Dafyd Jenkins and Rand, David A. and Finkenstädt, Bärbel (2017). Inferring transcriptional logic from multiple dynamic experiments, Bioinformatics, Volume 33, Issue 21, 1 November 2017, Pages 3437-3444, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx407

  • Minas, Giorgos and Momiji, Hiroshi and Jenkins, Dafyd J. and Costa, Maria J. and Rand, David A. and Finkenstädt, Bärbel (2017). ReTrOS: A MATLAB toolbox for reconstructing and analysing transcriptional activity from gene and protein expression data, BMC Bioinformatics, 18:316, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-017-1695-8

  • Multivariate Global Testing and Adaptive Designs. Minas, Giorgos, PhD Thesis 

  • Minas, Giorgos, Aston, John A. D. and Stallard, Nigel (2014). Adaptive multivariate global testing, Journal of the Americal Statistical Association (Theory and Methods), 109 (506): 613-623, https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2013.870905.

  • Minas, Giorgos, Rigat, Fabio, Nichols, Thomas E., Aston, John A. D. and Stallard, Nigel. A hybrid procedure for detecting global treatment effects in multivariate clinical trials: theory and applications to fMRI studies, Statistics in Medicine, 2012, 31, 253-268, https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4395.

  • Minas, Giorgos and Aston, John A. D (2013). Discussion on “Group sequential tests for delayed responses, L. V. Hampson and C. Jennisson, Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Statistical Methodology), 2013, 75, 3-54'', https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2012.01030.x.

  • Minas, Giorgos, Aston, John A. D., Nichols, Thomas E. and Stallard, Nigel. ROI analysis of pharmafMRI data: an adaptive approach for global testing, Proceedings of 46th Scientific Meeting of the Italian Statistical Society, 2012

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